Constanza Pérez Martelo Redes de colaboración en nanotecnologías en Colombia Constanza Pérez Martelo Nanotecnologia na América do Sul: desenvolvimento e implicações sociais, Curitiba, 28-29 maio 2009

Agenda Pregunta Enfoque metodológico Contexto nacional de desarrollo Redes de colaboraciones Organizaciones en red Redes de solución de problemas Una red de integración de capacidades Conclusiones

Pregunta ¿Cuáles son los tipos de formas organizacionales asociadas al desarrollo de nanotecnologías en Colombia?

Enfoque metodológico Recolección de datos: Análisis de redes sociales. Entrevistas semiestructuradas y de restitución, asistencia a coloquios y comunicaciones de actores. Revisión base de datos: Gruplac Colciencias, ISI Web Knowledge, base de datos de publicaciones reportadas. Otros documentos: Reportes, documentos institucionales. Análisis de redes sociales.

Contexto nacional Centros de Inv. Excelencia (CIE) Agenda “Colombia 2019” IEEE-CNNN Pol. Nal. Invest. Innov. Plan Nal. TIC Conv. CIE en ETI Ley Ciencia y Tecnología (1286 de 2009) Since 2004-Policy of Centers of Excellence since 2004: Networks conformed by research groups existing. Today are seven and there is a additional call this year (area of ICT). 2005 (07): Consejo Nacional de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología 2005-2006-Document “Colombia 2019” (2005-2006): This is a prospective agenda about development of Colombia around of 2019. It puts nanosciences and nanotechnology as topics of national interest. 2008-National policy to promote the research and the innovation (NPRI): “Reorient the program to support the so-called centers of excellence, towards supporting networks” p. 36. 2008 (may): National Plan of ICT. This plan considers the importance of projects with use of advanced technology such as biotechnology, nanotechnology (nanochips), new materials, bioengineering and bioinformatics (p. 11). 2008 (august): Call to creation of the centre of excellence in electronic, telecommunications and informatics. Deadline on October 31, 2008. One of strategic areas to this center of excellence is the electronics. This last takes subjects as: MEMs, characterization of nanostructures, manufacture of nanoscalar devices, techniques of fabrication in nanotechnology, nanoelectronics. 2009: 1286 de 2009, Colciencias as Department 2004… 2005-2006 2008 2009 T

Red de colaboraciones (ISI web knowledge) DATA Database: ISI Web of Knowledge. Key word: nano* Restriction of search: Territory/Colombia. Years of search: 2001-2008. RESULTS The universities National, Valle and Antioquia have more co-authorship with researchers from other institutions (highest degree). 77 Papers concentrated in 2006-2008. 72,73% (56 papers) have participation of authors affiliated to international institutions. The country which Colombia have more collaborations is France. There are four groups of actors isolated of principal network. One is articulated for the National University of Manizales, other one by EAFIT. Other sub-group is conformed by UNAB and Santo Tomás. Finally, Manuela Beltrán University does not have international collaborations. The areas with mayor number of works is physics, condensed matter and materials. 6

Red de colaboraciones (Nanoforum Colombia 2007) We examined the abstracts of the posters and oral exposition presented in that seminar, as well as the conference program. We found seven subfields and positioned them from highest to lowest, taking as a criterion the number of papers: Nanomaterials, Bionano, Nanomedicine, Management and Organizational Issues, Bioethics, Education and Instruments. The institutions are showed in blue colour and in yellow colour the subfields. 7

Organizaciones en red

Redes de solución de problemas The cases in the field of nanomedicine correspond to auto-organization mechanisms around of specific problems. In this regard is consistent with the problem-solving networks proposed by Carlsson et. al (2002). Nanocitec: Problem that articulates actors is the cancer. Nanopuente AV: This is a project which the actors are articulate through a device: design and construction of the “Nanopuente AV”. Nanocitec Proyecto Nanopuente AV 9

Nanopuente A-V Inicia en 2004. 50 años de desarrollos. ¿Por qué nanotecnologías? La nanotecnología como el próximo paso. Beneficios en costos y usos. Red de integración, trabajo por módulos.

Red del equipo del proyecto Fuente: Elaborado a partir de Reynolds (2007)

Nanocitec Asociación sin fines de lucro, creada en 2006. Nanotecnologías como oportunidad de superar problemas: cáncer. Síntesis de partículas, evaluación de citotoxicidad, modelamiento y biosensores.

Una red de integración de capacidades

El Centro de Excelencia en Nuevos Materiales (CENM) Convocatoria 2004. Unión temporal de 19 grupos pertenecientes a 10 universidades del país. Apoyo 4 instituciones internacionales. Compra y uso compartido de equipos. Formación de estudiantes. Intercambio científico. Apoyo internacional: The Nanotechnology Center (Northwestern University-Illinois), Thin Film and Nanoscience Group Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, (Universidad de California - San Diego), Department Civil and Environmental Engineering (University of Michigan) y el Centro Internacional para la Investigación Interdisciplinaria en Materiales (CIMAT-Chile).

Red del CENM Center of Excellence for Novel Materials Through the national politic of excellence centers was created in 2004 the Excellence Center for Novel Materials (CENM), integrated by 19 recognized research groups, belonging to 10 universities across the nation: Technological of Pereira University (UTP), National University of Colombia, Industrial of Santander University (UIS), Valle University (Univalle), Tolima University, Quindío University (Uniquindio), Cauca University, Antioquia University (Uniantioquia), Autonomous of Occidente University (UAO) and Foundation University of the North (Uninorte). The CENM also has international partners: The Nanotechnology Center (Northwestern University-Illinois), Thin Film and Nanoscience Group Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, (Universidad de California - San Diego), Department Civil and Environmental Engineering (University of Michigan) and the Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMAT-Chile). This initiative, supported for Colciencias, permits the coordination and optimization of resources and activities Colciencias is the national institution for the promotion of science and technology in Colombia. See: http://www.colciencias.gov.co/portalcol/ CENM is supported for COLCIENCIAS (31.06%) and the 10 universities of the temporary union (68.93%) 2004: First group of actors 2006: Second group 2007: Third group Call to create centers of excellence in 2004. 19 groups of research belonging to 10 universities.

Productos CENM 189 publicaciones (dic/08): Principalmente en revistas de física de la materia condensada y estado sólido. Tesis doctoral y de maestría. Movilidad científica. Proyectos con la industria. Mayor peso de colaboraciones externas. Gestión de nuevas redes.

Propuesta CENM proyecto europeo European Union and Latin American Ti, Oxides, and Nanostructures Proposal Acronym: EULATION Fuente: CENM 2007

Conclusiones Trabajo en red para complementar capacidades. Diferentes tipos de redes y productos asociados. Redes inducidas: emergen nuevas formas de organización. Política de apoyo a redes aprovechando capacidades.

Muchas gracias por su atención cperez@uniandes.edu.co gracias