AIM: How do comparative studies help trace evolution? Como ayuda la comparacion a establecer relaciones evolutivas?

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Transcripción de la presentación:

AIM: How do comparative studies help trace evolution? Como ayuda la comparacion a establecer relaciones evolutivas?

Comparative Studies/ Estudios comparativos Study of similarities between living things. Provides evidence of a common origin (ancestor) Estudio de las similitudes entre los seres vivos. Proporciona evidencia de un origen común (antepasado)

COMPARATIVE STUDIES 4 Who are we closely related to? Who are we distantly related to?

Types of Comparative Studies Tipos de Estudios Comparativos Anatomy Embryology Biochemistry DNA and Proteins Anatomia Embriologia Bioquimica del AND y las proteinas

Comparative Anatomy(Anatomia) Study of structural similarities and differences in living things Estudio de las similitudes y deferencias entre los seres vivientes

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Estructuras Homologas Homologous Structures - similar structures, different form & function. Shows evolutionary relationships (they are related). Estructuras homólogas - estructuras similares, con forma y función diferentes. Muestra las relaciones evolutivas (están relacionados).

VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES Estructuras Vestigiales The appendix and the tail bone are both VESTIGIAL structures. What do they have in common? Vestigial structure- no longer functions the way it was meant to. It may have had an important function in ancestral species, but no clear function in modern descendants. El apéndice y el hueso de la cola son ambas estructuras VESTIGIALES. ¿Qué tienen en común? Estructura Vestigial- ya no funciona de la forma en la que fue disenada. Quizas haya tenido una funcion de importancia en los ancestros pero no en los decendientes.

Which is the gorilla, fish and rabbit?

Comparative Embryology In Comparative Embryology, related organisms show similar embryonic development Enbriologia Comparativa Organismos relacionados muestran un desarrollo embrionico similar

Comparative Biochemistry The more similar the DNA and Amino Acids, the more closely the two organisms are related. Comparative Biochemistry compares the DNA or Amino Acids of an organism in order to find relationships among living things. Bioquimica Comparativa Compara el ADN y los amino acidos. Entre mas similitudes existan entre el ADN y los amino acidos de dos organismos, mas estrecha es su relacion evolutiva.

Common Ancestor/ Ancestro Comun This evidence leads to the idea of: COMMON ANCESTRY All species living and extinct were derived from common ancestors. Esta evidencia conduce a la idea de un ancestro común de todas las especies vivas y extintas.

The Results of Genetic Variation: 1)Structural Change- the physical features of an organism. 2)Functional Change- molecular or biochemical changes affect how an organism works. Changes in DNA often lead to functional changes. 3)Behavioral Change- many of the specific behaviors today have become common because they have resulted in greater reproductive success. Resultados de la variacion genetica 1)Cambios estructurales- las caracteristicas fisicas de un organismo. 2)Cambios de funcion- Cambios moleculares o bioquimicos afectan el funcionamiento del organismo (Comienza con un cambio en el ADN) 3)Cambios de comportamiento- Los comportamientos que ayudan al organimos a sobrevivir y reproducirse se hacen mas comunes.