El uso del artículo como sustantivo

Presentación del tema: "El uso del artículo como sustantivo"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 El uso del artículo como sustantivo
Using articles as a nouns

2 The definite article can be used to replace a noun that has already been mentioned in a sentence.
Take a look at the following sentence: Me gusta el suéter azul. I like the blue sweater. Now, if you already knew you were talking about sweaters and just wanted to say “I like the blue one,” you could do so. Me gusta el azul. I like the blue one.

3 More examples: Voy a comprar la camisa de seda. I’m going to buy the silk shirt. Voy a comprar la de seda. I’m going to buy the silk one. Notice: You still have agreement. If you were talking about a silk dress (el vestido) it would be: Voy a comprar el de seda.

4 More examples: No me gustan los pantalones que compraste. I don’t like the pants that you bought . No me gustan los que compraste. I don’t like the ones that you bought.

5 Note: The definite article cannot be used in this way unless the noun is modified by an adjective, prepositional phrase (de, que etc.) or clause. For example: One cannot nominalize the article in: El suéter es azul. In this sentence, el suéter is the subject of the sentence and directly modified by an adjective or followed by a preposition etc.

6 The most common patterns are:
1) el (la, los, las) + adjective 2) el (la, los, las) + de + noun 3) el (la, los, las) + que + clause *a clause usually begins with a verb 1) Me gusta el azul. 2) Me gusta la de seda. 3) Me gustan los que compraste.

7 You can also place “lo” in front of a masculine singular adjective to make it into a noun.
This creates the equivalent of: “the (adjective) thing…” in English Lo bueno del verano es que no hay clases. The good thing about summer is that there are no classes. Lo malo de la clase es que hay mucha tarea. The bad thing about this class is that there is a lot of homework.

8 lo que = what /the thing that, that which 1) lo + adjective
There is a neuter article “lo” which is used when referring to something unknown or an idea. Since these have no gender you use “lo”: lo = what / what is lo que = what /the thing that, that which 1) lo + adjective 2) lo + que + clause 1) Siempre escoges lo caro. You always chose what is expensive. 2) Muéstrame lo que compraste. Show me what you bought. 2) Lo que dices es absurdo. -What (the things that) you are saying is absurd.

9 Note the following contstructions with “lo”: lo + past participle
lo dicho (what is said) lo hecho (what is done) todo lo que (all that) No repitas todo lo que te dije.

10 The indefinite article can be used in similar constructions.
NOTE: uno es used and not un 1) uno (una, unos, unas) + adj 2) uno (una, unos/as) + de + noun 3) uno (una, unos/as)+ que+ clause 1) Ella se prueba un vestido gris. She is trying on a gray dress. 1) Ella se prueba uno gris. She is trying on a gray one.

11 Few more examples: Clara compra una falda roja. Clara is buying a red skirt. Clara compra una roja. Clara is buying a red one. Juan compró un corbatín de seda. Juan compró uno se seda.