Latin American and Caribbean Regional Expert Workshop on Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Latin American and Caribbean Regional Expert Workshop on Sustainable.

Presentación del tema: "Latin American and Caribbean Regional Expert Workshop on Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Latin American and Caribbean Regional Expert Workshop on Sustainable."— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Latin American and Caribbean Regional Expert Workshop on Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Latin American and Caribbean Regional Expert Workshop on Sustainable Use of Biodiversity Buenos Aires, 13 May – 16 June 2005 Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Instituto Nacional de Technología Agropecuaria (INTA)

2 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 2 Item 1 – Opening Welcome and introductions: CBD – Secretariat Government of Argentina: Secretary of Environment Secretary of Agriculture Cancilleria Argentina Instituto Nacional de Technología Agropecuaria (INTA) Participants Training team

3 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 3 Item 1 – Objectives Understand application of the Addis Ababa Principles of Sustainable Use Understanding ecosystem services, including tools and methods to assess them Understanding financial costs and benefits and tools to assess them Assess applicability of Addis Ababa Principles of Sustainable Use to Agricultural Biodiversity

4 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 4 Item 2 – Agenda 1.Welcome and introductions 2.Adoption of agenda and mandate 3.Objectives of the workshop 4.Key terms and concepts 5.Overview of Addis Ababa Principles 6.Application of Addis Ababa Principles

5 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 5 Item 2 – Agenda 6.Ecosystem services assessment 7.Financial costs and benefits 8.Assessment of the workshop 9.Other matters 10.Adoption of workshop report 11.Closing remarks

6 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 6 Item 2 – Mandate Decision VII/12 - Calls for regional technical expert workshops to cover: Sustainable use Ecosystem services assessment Financial cost and benefits Invites Parties to: Implement the Addis Ababa Guidelines Integrate/Mainstream them in domestic measures Disseminate experiences and lessons learned

7 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 7 Item 2 – Mandate Decision VII/12 Invites research on: Livelihoods and ecosystem services Transboundary species Indigenous and local communities and women Relationships between components of biodiversity ResilienceSocio-economic factors Use of termsMonitoring Management planningEquitable distribution of benefits

8 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 8 Item 2 – Mandate Decision VII/12 Invites assessment of the applicability of the Addis Ababa Principles to Agricultural Biodiversity Calls for guidance about the principles and guideline in relation to the CBD working programme on Agricultural Biodiversity

9 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 9 Item 3 – Key terms/concepts Conceptual framework: Ecosystem services sustain life, biodiversity, and livelihoods

10 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 10 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Biodiversity … The variety and variability of living organisms at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels and [the] ecological complexes, of which they are part

11 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 11 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Biological resources … Include genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity

12 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 12 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Agricultural biodiversity … Includes all components of biological diversity of relevance to food and agriculture – the variety and variability of plants, animals and micro- organisms at genetic, species and ecosystem level which are necessary to sustain key funcions in the agroecosystem, its structures and processes.

13 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 13 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Sustainable use … The use of components of biological diversity that does not lead to long-term decline of biological diversity while maintaining the potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations

14 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 14 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Use … May be either consumptive or non-consumptive

15 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 15 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Sustainability … Is the probability that a use will be sustainable and is dependent on : Maintenance of biological diversity and key ecological functions, and Population(s) of target species remaining above thresholds needed for long-term viability, and The component of biological diversity remaining a significant resource for people.

16 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 16 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Ecosystem … Is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro- organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit

17 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 17 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Ecosystem services … Provisioning - food, water, fiber and fuel Regulating - climate, water quality, disease Cultural - spiritual, aesthetic, recreation Supporting - primary production, soil formation

18 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 18 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Adaptive management … Is a cyclic, learning-oriented approach to the management of complex environmental systems that are characterized by high levels of uncertainty about system processes* * Based on a definition provided in Jacobson, C. (August 2003) Introduction to adaptive management. (Online) URL: http://student.lincoln.ac.nz/am-links/am-intro.htm

19 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 19 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Use regime … The sum of the activities applied to the management and use of a geographically discrete biological resource

20 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 20 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Resource managers … Those individuals directly responsible and accountable for managing a component of biological diversity for use

21 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 21 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Assumptions: Ecosystems and their components change The supply of biological resources is limited Biological resources can be used while maintaining ecological processes, species and their variability above thresholds for long-term viability Secure delivery of ecosystem services requires management at the landscape scale

22 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 22 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Conditions: People depend on wild harvests Women are often primary users “Precaution” is the rule Sustainable use policies can protect natural land/seascapes

23 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 23 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Factors affecting sustainability: Internal factors External factors

24 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 24 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Sustainable use and the Millennium Development Goals Poverty reduction Livelihood security Health Incentives for conservation of biodiversity

25 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 25 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Ecosystem Approach Biodiversity is considered with economic and social factors Management is integrated Social process

26 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 26 Item 3 – Key terms & concepts Other relevant CBD initiatives 2010 target Incentive measures Indigenous peoples Tourism

27 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 27 Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles Regional Case Studies Uso sostenible de quanacos en esquemas mixtos de producción en la estepa patagónica - Julieta von Thungen, Argentina El uso sostenible de loro hablador en la ecoregion de Argentina – Ricardo Banchs, Flabio Moscchione, Isabel Barrios; Argentina Conservación in situ de amaranto en una zona representativa los andes meridionales occidentales – Maria Gloria Quispe Quispe, Peru

28 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 28 Item 5 – Applying the Principles Discussion points Relevance of the Addis Ababa principles to agricultural biodiversity: Do individual principles have more relevance than others? Does the relevance vary with the scale/focus of agricultural biodiversity use? If there is relevance how should the principles be applied? Relevance of the Ecosystem Approach in the context of management of agricultural biodiversity Relevance of agricultural biodiversity to meeting the Millennium Development Goals

29 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 29 Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles Principle 1: Get the legal framework right Congruent policies, laws and Institutions at all levels of government - with links between them

30 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 30 Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles Principle 2. Responsibility with accountability Empowerment Access rights Government oversight Monitoring Authority

31 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 31 Principle 3. Avoid perverse incentives Market distortions Habitat degradation Inequity Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

32 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 32 Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles Principle 4. Use adaptive management

33 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 33 Principle 5. Minimize adverse impacts on the ecosystem Management goals and practices Understand role of managed resource Monitor impact of use Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

34 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 34 Principle 6. Invest in appropriate research Applied - to answer management questions Interdisciplinary Government vs private Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

35 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 35 Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles Principle 7. Get the scale of use right Jurisdictional Ecological Socio-Economic

36 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 36 Principle 8. Seek international cooperation where necessary Shared resources Management needs Optional approaches to cooperation Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

37 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 37 Principle 9: Use an interdisciplinary and participatory approach wherever possible Government Resource managers Local stakeholders Others Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

38 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 38 Item 5 – Applying the Principles Regional Case Studies Necesidead de nuevo paradigm para la sustentabilidad del uso de los agroecosistemas: el caso del Chaco - Jorge Adámoli, Argentina Ostión del Norte: Northern scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) at La Rinconada, Antofagasta II Región de Chile – Leonardo Núñez Montaner, Chile Uso sostenible de recursos fitogenéticos: papa, maiz, poroto en el NOA – Andrea Clausen, Argentina

39 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 39 Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles Principle 10: Know the value of the resource

40 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 40 Principle 11: Minimize waste and adverse environmental impacts Incidental take Multiple products Optimize benefits Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

41 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 41 Principle 12: Ensure equitable distribution of benefits meet local needs Who shares? Balancing risks with benefits Incentives Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

42 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 42 Principle 13: Management costs should be covered by income Direct costs and opportunity costs Benefit flows Economic incentives Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

43 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 43 Principle 14: Educate people about sustainable use Capacity enhancement Communications Public awareness Item 4 – Addis Ababa Principles

44 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 44 Item 5 – Applying the Principles Policy Related No Principle 1Provide a legal/policy framework 2Delegate responsibility and accountability 3Remove perverse incentives 7Link jurisdictional authority to scale of use 8Where needed, promote international cooperation 13Internalize management costs Support/Service Related No Principle 6Promote/support interdisciplinary research 10Economic valuation 14Provide education on sustainable use Management Related No Principle 4Use adaptive management 5Minimize impact on the ecosystem 9Take an interdisciplinary approach 11Minimize waste 12Distribute benefits equitably Aligning the principles for action

45 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 45 Item 5 – Applying the Principles Regional Case Studies The case of mezcales and corn – Jorge Larson Guerra, Mexico Agricultural biodiversity irradiation centers – Rubens Onofre Nodari, Brazil Conservation of two Bahamian hot pepper varieties – Kenneth Richardson, Bahamas Sustainable use case policy on Cassava: Manihot eculenta – Rufus Leandre, St Lucia

46 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 46 Item 5 – Applying the Principles Sequence of management planning steps

47 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 47 Que incluye la Biodiversidad Agrícola: *Extraido de: The Scope of Agricultural Biodiversity, Appendix, CBD-Decision V/5 Agricultural Biological Diversity (www.biodiv.org/decisions/dec=V/5) A.Recursos Genéticos para alimentos y agricultura: Estos constituyen las unidades principales de producción en agricultura, incluyendo especies cultivadas, especies domesticadas y plantas y animales silvestres manejados, así como los parientes silvestres de las especies cultivadas y domesticadas, - Recursos genéticos vegetales cultivados y : Pasturas y especies de pastizales naturales Recursos genéticos de árboles que son una parte integral de los sistemas agrícolas Recursos genéticos animales domésticos y silvestres en general: y recursos genéticos de peces, en casos en que la producción de peces es parte del sistema productivo Recursos genéticos de insectos {invertebrados} Recursos genéticos de microbios y hongos

48 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 48 B. Componentes de la diversidad agrícola que brinda servicios ecológicos tales como: Ciclado de nutrientes, descomposición de la materia orgánica, y mantenimiento de la fertilidad del suelo Regulación de Plagas y Enfermedades {mantenimiento de relaciones entre presas y predadores, reguladores de poblaciones, sp. saneadoras del ambiente, etc.} Polinización (tanto de especies cultivadas como silvestres) {invertebrados, aves, mamiferos} Mantenimiento y mejoramiento de la fauna silvestre local y los hábitat en sus paisajes Mantenimiento de los ciclos hidrológicos {coberturas vegetales y forestales} Control de la Erosión {cobertura y manejo correcto del suelo y la agricultura}, Regulación del clima y del secuestro de carbono {forestacion, uso y manejo del suelo con siembra directa, conservación de bordes, etc}

49 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 49 C. Factores Abióticos, que tienen un efecto determinante sobre los aspectos de la biodiversidad agrícola {conservación de la calidad del agua, el aire} Conocimiento tradicional y local de la biodiversidad agrícola, factores culturales y procesos participativos. Turismo asociado con los paisajes agrícolas Otros factores socio-económicos D. Dimesiones socio-económicas y culturales, dado que la biodiversidad agrícola está moldeada en gran parte por las actividades humanas y las prácticas de manejo. Estas incluyen:

50 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 50 Principales amenazas para el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad agrícola Simplificación de ecosistemas y paisajes por deforestación, intensificación y reemplazo de ambientes debida a la extensificación agrícola, particularmente basada en monocultivos. Erosión genética de especies vegetales, animales, y microorganismos por sobre-uso o alteración de la funcionalidad de los ecosistemas bajo usos productivos. Pérdida de interacciones entre organismos lo que afecta procesos biológicos vitales para el funcionamiento del ecosistema, la dinámica de las poblaciones (tanto de planta-planta, plantas-microorganismos, plantas-animales, animales- animales, animales-ecosistema, ecosistema-microorganismos, etc.), así como los potenciales bienes y servicios para la producción agropecuaria y el bienestar humano. Contaminación de suelos, agua, y aire por agroquímicos o residuos ganaderos Intoxicación y mortandad de especies (plantas y animales) por usos y malos usos de agroquímicos. Pérdida de hábitat para la diversidad de organismos que habitan los agroecosistemas Erosión de suelos y cambios en condiciones físico-quimico y biológicas que pueden alterar su resistencia y resiliencia. Cambio climático Erosion cultural por perdida de conocimiento ancestral ….otras?

51 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 51 Objetivos del Programa de Trabajo para la Biodiversidad Agrícola del CDB http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/areas/agro/programme.asp Promover los efectos positivos y mitigar los impactos negativos de las practicas agrícolas sobre la diversidad biológica en los agroecosistemas y su interfase con otros ecosistemas. Promover la conservación y el uso sustentable de los recursos genéticos de valor actual y potencial para la alimentación y la agricultura, y Promover la distribución justa y equitativa de los beneficios derivados del uso de los recursos genéticos. Implementación se hará siguiendo el abordaje ecosistémico.

52 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 52 Programa de trabajo para la biodiversidad agrícola del CDB http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/areas/agro/programme.asp Evaluación: evaluaciones a nivel de los países, sobre el estado y tendencias de la biodiversidad agrícola, sus causas y el conocimiento para su manejo. Manejo Adaptativo: Identificación y promoción de prácticas de manejo adaptativo, tecnologías y políticas relacionadas y medidas de incentivos, para promover impactos positivos y mitigar los negativos de la agricultura sobre la biodiversidad, y mejorar productividad y capacidad para sostener actividades, expandiendo el conocimiento, entendiendo y alertando sobre los múltiples bienes y servicios brindados por los diferentes niveles y funciones de la biodiversidad agrícola. Creación de Capacidades: Promoción de la participación y fortalecimiento de capacidades de los productores y otros actores en el manejo sostenible de la biodiversidad agrícola, incrementar sus beneficios y promover acciones responsables. Mainstreaming (Promoción/Priorización): Apoyo al desarrollo de planes nacionales o estrategias para la conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad agrícola y promover su promoción e integración en programas y planes de acción sectoriales coordinados e integrados.

53 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 53 Otros temas transversales abordados por el Programa de trabajo para la biodiversidad agrícola del CDB http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/areas/agro/programme.asp Tecnologías de restricciones de uso genético (GURTs) Iniciativa Internacional para la conservación y uso sostenible de los polinizadores.

54 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 54 Item 5 – Applying the Principles Principles of the Ecosystem Approach Ecological/Biological PrinciplesSocial PrinciplesPolicy Principles [Ecosystem managers should] Consider the effects (actual or potential) of management activities on adjacent and other ecosystems (3). Management must recognise that change is inevitable (9). [Government policies should ensure that] Objectives of management of land, water and living resources [can] be established as a matter of choice (1). Conservation of ecosystem structure and functions should be a priority to maintain ecosystem services (5). Management should be decentralised to the lowest appropriate level (2). Policies, related to management of ecosystems should be structured to: (a)Reduce market distortions that adversely affect biological diversity; (b)Align incentives to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use; and (c)Internalise costs and benefits in the given ecosystem to the extent feasible (4). Ecosystems must be managed within their functioning limits of (6). The ecosystem approach should involve all relevant sectors of society and scientific disciplines (12). Management should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales (7). Management objectives should be set for the long-term to account for lag-effects that characterise ecosystem processes (8). Management should take into account all forms of relevant information, including scientific, indigenous and local knowledge, and technological innovations and practices (11). Policies promoting the principles of the ecosystem approach should seek the appropriate balance between, and integration of, conservation and use of biological diversity (10).

55 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 55 Effects of Management Ecosystem lag effect Structure and function Functional limits Objectives are set by choice Policies reduce market distortions, align incentives and internalise costs and benefits Management at appropriate spatial and temporal scales balance conservation and use Ecological Manage for change Decentralise management Involve all relevant sectors Rely on all relevant information Social Policy Focus on functional Relationships & processes Manage at the appropriate scale Management promotes Inter-sectoral cooperation Enhanced benefit Sharing Use adaptive management Item 5 – Applying the Principles Applying the principles of the Ecosystem Approach

56 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 56 Item 6 – Ecosystem services assessment Interrelationships between ecosystem services and human well being

57 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 57 Item 6 – Ecosystem services assessment Ecosystem values and valuation

58 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 58 Item 6 – Ecosystem Services Assessment Valuation tools Revealed preference tools Change in productivity Cost-based approaches Hedonic pricing Travel-cost method Stated preference tools Contingent valuation Contingent ranking Benefits transfer

59 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 59 Item 6 – Ecosystem services assessment Example: Benefits flows from selected countries Source: MA

60 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 60 Item 6 – Ecosystem services assessment Global status of ecosystem services

61 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 61 Item 6 – Ecosystem services assessment Regional Case Studies Proyecto Nacional de Gestión Ambiental MARN/BM/GEF – Ernesto Lopez Zepeda, El Salvador La biodiversidad, sus bienes y servicios ambientales en ecosistemas sometidos a producciones mixtas de la Pampa Deprimida - Nestor Maceira, Argentina Uso, valoracíon y promocíon de plantas medicinales, una estrategia nacional – José Antonio Gómez, Colombia Resultados de la Valoración Económica de los Recursos Naturales de Parque Nacional Coiba; Método de Transferencia de Beneficios – Eustorgio Jaen Nunez, Panama

62 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 62 Item 6 – Ecosystem services assessment Resources on ecosystem services valuation: Universities of Maryland and Rhode Island: www.ecosystemvaluation.org Training guide on valuation for NBSAPs (UNEP/IUCN): www.biodiversityeconomics.org/valuation/topics-612-00.htm IUCN guidelines for protected area managers on the economic values of protected areas: www.biodiversityeconomics.org/valuation/topics-34-00.htm

63 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 63 Item 6 – Ecosystem services assessment Resources continued: Ramsar guide for policy makers and planners on the economic valuation wetlands: www.ramsar.org/lib_valuation_e.htm World Bank/Nature Conservancy/IUCN report on valuation: www.worldbank.org OECD Handbook of biodiversity valuation www.oecd.org

64 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 64 Item 6 – Ecosystem services assessment Discussion points Impact of sustainable use and non- sustainable use on livelihoods and ecosystem goods and services Socio-economic factors that influence patterns and intensity of use Economic and social values of ecosystem goods and services

65 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 65 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits

66 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 66 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits Example: cost of conservation Direct cost: park management, tourism infrastructure and management Indirect costs: damages outside protected areas by wildlife Opportunity cost: land development

67 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 67 Item 7 – Financial costs and benefits Costs of conservation through parks Sources: Frazee (2001), Krug (2001) (Cape Floristic Region, South Africa)

68 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 68 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits Who bears the costs? CostsLocalNationalGlobal Direct ( ) Indirect crop `damage livestock loss Opportunity Land Acquisition ( )

69 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 69 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits Who receives the benefits? Ecosystem ValuesLocal LevelNational LevelGlobal Level Direct use values Indirect use values: watershed protection erosion & flood control ( ) cleansing of air & water ( ) carbon fixing ( ) biological diversity Option values Existence values

70 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 70 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits Disparity between private and social costs and benefits of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use is an important reason for biodiversity decline. Perspective Basis for Calculation Private Benefits of C/SU less Costs of C/SU < Benefits of Dev less Costs of Dev Society Benefits of C/SU less Costs of C/SU > Benefits of Dev less Costs of Dev Individual land users often fail to capture the social benefits of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.

71 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 71 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits Responses: Demonstrate value in accordance with TEV: identify all benefits, undertake valuation Use capture mechanisms (incentive measures), for instance: Park entry fees Payments for environmental services Markets for biodiversity goods and services

72 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 72 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits Discussion: Types of costs and benefits of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity Role of financial costs and benefits Distributional effects and their implications

73 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 73 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits Regional Case Studies Impacto de los agentes de biocontrol sobre las comunidades microbianas – Laura Gassoni, Argentina Programa del Lagarto y conservación – Mario Baudoin, Bolivia Los efectos sociales de los cambios en la agricultura - Carlos Reboratti, Argentina Uso sostenible de recursos zoogenèticos: el caso de las cabras y vicuñas – Carlos Mezzadra, Argentina

74 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 74 Item 7 – Financial costs & benefits Regional Case Studies Los subsidios agricolas y su impacto sobre la sustentabilidad de la producción agropecuaria de Argentina – Alejandra Sarquis, Argentina

75 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 75 Working groups - Questions Feedback Item 8 – Assessment of the Workshop

76 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 76 Item 8 – Assessment of the Workshop Development of key recommendations to SBSTTA concerning : Applicability of AA principles to agricultural biodiversity Assessment of Ecosystem Services Financial costs and benefits associated with conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity

77 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 77 ? Item 9 – Other matters

78 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 78 Item 10 – Adoption of workshop report Key conclusions and recommendations

79 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 79 Item 11 – Closure of the workshop Closing remarks Instituto Nacional de Technología Agropecuaria (INTA) Government of Argentina Technical support team CBD Secretariat Farewells

80 Latin America and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Sustainable Use -- 13-16 September 2005 – Slide 80 Thank you! WWW.BIODIV.ORG