Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University TROPICAL GLACIERS Georg Kaser Institut für Geographie Universität Innsbruck.

Presentación del tema: "Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University TROPICAL GLACIERS Georg Kaser Institut für Geographie Universität Innsbruck."— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University TROPICAL GLACIERS Georg Kaser Institut für Geographie Universität Innsbruck

2 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Tropical glaciers 1. Radiation geometry: sun in zenith 2(1) times annualy Kaser, Hastenrath and Ames, ZGG (1996) 3. ITCZ: hygric seasonality with 2(1) wet / dry seasons 2. ΔT a ≤ ΔT d : thermally homogenous in space and time

3 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Annual variation of air temperature (monthly means) against geographical latitude stations > 3000 m a.s.l. O = Querococha Kaser & Osmaston (2002)

4 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Total area:< 2.500 km 2 Thickness: ~ 25 m Kaser and Osmaston (2002) Estimated volume: 50 to 60 10 9 m 3 SLE: 0.11 to 0.13 mm Tropical Glaciers Km 2 % Rwenzori 1.5 0.06 Mt. Kenya 0.3 0.01 Kilimanjaro 2.6 0.10 Afrika < 4.4 0.18 Irian Jaya 2.3 0.09 Colombia 87 3.48 Venezuela 1.8 0.07 Equador 90 3.60 Peru 1,780 71.21 Bolivia 534 21.36 S America2,492.8 99.73 Total2,499100 Cordillera Blanca, Peru LIA: 875 ± 25 km 2 1920s: 825 ± 25 km 2 1970: 670 ± 10 km 2 1990: 620 ± 10 km 2 Today:< 600 km 2 LIA to today: - 30% Georges, AAAR (2004) SLR: ~ 0.04 mm

5 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Tropical glacier area changes (100% = appr. around 1900)

6 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Hadley cell and ITCZ along the tropical Andes wet season dry season

7 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University PrecipitationRunoff

8 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Glaciar Artesonraju, April 04 – March 05 Wagnon et al. GPCh (1998) WET DRY Glaciar Zongo

9 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Seasonality and Runoff Kaser et al., JH (2003)

10 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University ITGG - model Ablation (T a,P,F) T a air temperature P precipitation F Q L /Q L + Q M Kaser, JGlac (2001) Parameterisation of moisture impact on energy fluxes determined via an internal calibration procedure LW in, F, SW in, albedo: as functions of P

11 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Runoff from Llanganuco catchment (34 % glaciated) - Projections Juen et a., G&PCh, 2005

12 Glacier mass balance from hydrological balance 1953 - 1994 mean over 5 basins Pachacoto (9.7% glac.) Quillcay (17.4%) Chancos (24.1%) Llanganuco (33.5%) Parón (40.9%) length variations: Yanamarey Uruashraju Broggi Kaser et al., J.Hydr. (2003) Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University

13 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Cordillera Blanca - cummulative mass balance hydrological model ITGG model + NCEP/NCAR-RA

14 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University Precipitation - mean of 5 stations in Cordillera Blanca 1953 - 1994 W E T D R Y

15 Tropical Glaciology Group Innsbruck University